Advanced Technologies Journal of University of Benghazi

A Philosophical Systems Engineering Perspective of Energy Storage for Electric Grids

Paulo Ribeiro — Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Energy storage has become an essential enabler of resilience, stability, and flexibility in today's electric grids. While standardized by some nominal measures, such as power capacity, energy density, and cost, the advanced storage technologies paved the way for wider requirements of system engineering that goes beyond their technical performance. This paper introduces a philosophical system engineering perspective of energy storage, viewing it as an approach of shaping time within complex power system architectures rather than simply storing energy. Relying on practical experience from large-scale military and utility applications, the analysis emphasizes lifecycle, integration, interoperability, degradation, and end-of-life management as major determiners of storage value. It is stated that no single storage technology can address the diverse requirements of the energy transition. Instead, future electric grids must rely on carefully engineered portfolios of complementary storage technologies, designed using systems engineering principles. The paper concludes that the primary challenge of energy storage is architectural rather than technological, requiring grids to be designed with temporal intelligence to balance immediacy, reliability, resilience, and long-term sustainability.

Towards Airlines IT Audit Challenges & Success Factors: A Systematic Review.

Shahed Al Tamimi, Mu'awya Al-Dala'ien, Qasem Abu Al-Haija — Tue, 10 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Examining the field of Information Technology (IT) audit in the airline industry, the methodical investigation seeks to uncover elements contributing to success as well as obstacles. The importance of this study stems from the crucial role of IT systems in ensuring efficiency, safety, and customer satisfaction in the rapidly expanding aviation industry. The study begins with a brief overview of IT auditing in the aviation business, revealing details about audit methods and kinds. Given the critical role that IT systems play in aiding airline operations, a thorough examination of their audit processes becomes necessary. The systematic review encompasses a comprehensive examination of 61 prior articles, offering an in-depth look at the current state of knowledge on this topic. The following sections describe the research methods employed in conducting the systematic review, including the methodology and criteria used for selecting and interpreting the literature. This sets the stage for the findings to be presented and thoroughly discussed. Throughout this process, a special emphasis is placed on explaining the obstacles encountered during IT audits in the aviation industry and identifying the key elements that contribute to their effectiveness. In addition to providing a comprehensive review of the current literature, the study offers valuable insights into the challenges that IT audits face in the aviation industry, as well as the key success factors required to overcome these issues. The results synthesis aims to inspire future research topics and provide practical applications for IT audit experts working in the ever-changing and technologically complex aviation sector. This systematic evaluation, therefore, provides a comprehensive reference for knowledge, addressing and improving IT audit processes in airline operations.

Photovoltaic solar cells white Spot Phenomenon in high humidity Coastal: Environmental Factors and Performance Implications

Doha Khaled Jdeed, Mohamed Ali Aldiry — Sat, 09 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This paper presets a "cell spotting" phenomenon that was noticed on the rooftop PV systems along the coast in Tartous, Syria, during the summer, mainly in the early morning and late evening hours under specific environmental conditions. This phenomenon appeared as white spots on the photovoltaic cells. Repeated periodic measurements were taken over four months during the summer, revealing a strong correlation between the appearance of these spots and high humidity levels (above 50%), high temperatures, low direct solar radiation, and dust accumulation. Infrared images were taken of the studied panels during the study period in order to show the temperature deference between the cells with white spots and the other cells in the same panel, and the deference was about 2°C. After cleaning the cleaning the panels, the phenomenon was disappeared. Also, when the sunlight is not direct on the PV panel surface, the phenomenon does not appear. Practical measurements of temperature, humidity, and solar radiation monitoring revealed a strong correlation between the presence of this phenomenon and high humidity, temperature, dust accumulation, and indirect solar radiation on the surface of the panels. It was concluded that this phenomenon is a transient effect caused by a dust and moisture interaction, a condensation related process and appears as a white layer on the outer surface of the panel above the effected cells.