Scientific Journal of University of Benghazi

Libyan EFL Teachers’ Perceptions of AI Integration in English Teaching: A Case Study at Benghazi University.

Hana Mahmoud Hadaga — 2025-12-24

There is an inevitability and increasing use of technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI) in language teaching and learning. This research investigates EFL Libyan teachers’ perceptions of the effectiveness of integrating AI tools in EFL teaching in the Libyan context. The study employed a quantitative approach of research in which a questionnaire was distributed to collect data from 20 EFL Libyan teachers in the department of applied linguistics at the Faculty of Languages at Benghazi University in Libya. The questionnaire examined data relevant to Libyan EFL teachers’ perspectives on integrating AI in their teaching process and the challenges encountered. The results showed that most participants had a positive attitude towards using AI in their teaching. The majority believed that AI is important for helping students improve their language skills and making English teaching more effective. In addition, they mutually agreed that AI encouraged their students to participate more actively in class and helped to reduce their anxiety about making mistakes. However, the study revealed that participants collectively faced challenges in using AI. One major challenge was that they mostly relied on self-study to learn about these technologies rather than formal training. Findings of this study provide feedback to the head dean of the Department of Applied Linguistics for possible improvements. Furthermore, these findings can inform future enhancement initiatives in other similar Libyan EFL contexts. A better integration of AI into educational settings is needed, and more support and training are necessary for successful implementation.

Development and Quality Evaluation of Immune-Boosting Jelly Candy Using Natural Ingredients.

Hagir Mohamedsalih Abdallah — 2025-12-24

This study aimed to develop jelly candy with natural ingredients that have immune-boosting properties. Four candy samples were prepared from ingredients including lemon, beetroot, carrot, orange, pomegranate, strawberry, ginger, turmeric, black pepper, and gelatin. Two samples were sweetened with natural honey, and two with stevia sugar. Traditional gelatin candy from the local market was used for comparison. The samples were subjected to analysis of chemical quality properties, proximate composition, phytochemical analysis, mineral content, microbial analysis, and sensory evaluation. The most important results obtained showed that the prepared samples contained good levels of protein, fiber, and potassium, which were 6.87±0.009%, 3.55±0.003%, and 64±2 ppm, respectively. The beetroot, pomegranate, and strawberry samples had excellent iron content (35±2 and 31±2 ppm) for the honey-sweetened and stevia-sweetened samples, respectively. The preliminary screening results for phytochemical compounds showed that the prepared samples were rich in phenols, glycosides, and tannins (+++), while the samples sweetened with natural honey had excellent saponin content (+++). Microbial analysis revealed that the samples were free of coliform bacteria and E. coli. Sensory evaluation results revealed that the participants preferred the stevia-sweetened samples in all tested attributes, including color, taste, flavor, and overall acceptability, with a (very good) rating. The study recommended the development of a functional food industry based on natural food ingredients rich in macro- and micronutrients and active chemical compounds.

Prevalence of Glaucoma in Patients Attending Glaucoma Screening Program: A Cross-Sectional Study, Benghazi, Libya.

Rehab S. Altawati — 2025-12-24

Glaucoma, a leading cause of blindness worldwide, glaucoma afflicted 64.3 million people in 2013 and is expected to affect 111.8 million by 2040. For early detection and treatment, it is essential to look into the prevalence of glaucoma and its risk factors. Finding important clinical and demographic indicators of glaucoma in adults screened as part of a public program in Benghazi, Libya, was the goal of this study. During “Glaucoma Week” in February 2024, 366 adult patients were recruited for this cross-sectional study. The participants were divided into three categories: glaucoma suspect (21.0%, n=77), glaucoma unlikely (34.5%, n=126), and confirmed glaucoma (44.5%, n=163). A first-degree relative with glaucoma (OR =2.08, p = 0.016), a history of ocular inflammation (OR = 5.2; p = 0.008), and a higher left-eye intraocular pressure (IOP) (OR = 1.18, p = 0.003) were all significant predictors of confirmed glaucoma, according to logistic regression analyses. In one model, male gender was also a significant predictor (OR = 1.85, p = 0.027). The development of glaucoma was significantly influenced by these factors. In order to improve glaucoma detection in Libya, this study highlighted the significance of targeted screening and monitoring, especially for people with ocular inflammation, a family history of glaucoma, or elevated left-eye IOP.

Structure of the even-even (220-230) Th isotopes within the Framework IBM-2

Mariam I.Atawiry — 2025-12-24

The specific In this study, some of the nuclear properties of the even-even thorium isotopes in the mass range A=(220–230) were studied within the interacting boson model (IBM-2) framework. The parameters in the Hamiltonian of the IBM-2 model were used to determine which one best fits the experimental spectrum. The NPBOS code was used to diagonalize this Hamiltonian, and the energy level was obtained. Our theoretical calculations and the latest experimental data showed a reasonable degree of agreement. From these calculations, it was possible to determine the dynamic symmetries of these isotopes based on several tests that rely in their calculations on energy levels. Based on the results of the tests used, The isotopes were classified as having rotational symmetry SU(3), had X(5) symmetry while the isotope had vibrational symmetry U(5), and the isotope had unstable gamma symmetry O(6). The phenomenon of backbending of these isotopes was studied, which only appeared in the isotope .

Isolation of Candida albicans and Evaluation of Plant Extracts for Antifungal Activity.

Aisha M. El-Bashic — 2025-12-24

Candida albicans (C. albicans) is a common opportunistic fungal pathogen trustworthy for a variety of infections, especially in immunocompromised individuals. The increasing resistance to antifungal agents necessitates the search for alternative treatment options. In this study, we isolated C. albicans from clinical and environmental samples and evaluated several plant extracts, such as Allium sativm, salvia rosmarinus, Mentha, which we believed possessed antifungal activity. These plant extracts were tested for their ability to inhibit C. albicans growth using standard laboratory assays. Various plant extracts, including Allium sativm, salvia rosmarinus, Mentha yielded very similar results in terms of fungal inhibition, with the exception of the disc impregnated with peppermint extract, where no area of inhibition was observed. Several extracts exemplified promising inhibitory effects on fungal growth, suggesting that compounds derived from Allium sativm, salvia rosmarinus, Mentha could offer useful possibility or complement to current antifungal treatments. These findings paved the way for growth of plant based therapies to conflict drug reluctant fungal infections. The extracts exhibited great antifungal effects, notice on their potential as natural curative agents. These findings would assist further research into plant compounds as other possibility or complements to traditional antifungal drugs.

Mechanical and Microstructural Proxies of LC³ Mortars up to 50% Clinker Replacement Using a Southern Libyan Calcined Kaolinite Clay.

Zainab M. Elshibani — 2025-12-24

ABSTRACT

This experimental study investigates the properties of LC³ (limestone-calcined clay) cement mortars with high clinker replacement, utilizing locally sourced kaolinite-rich clays from southern Libya. Mortar mixtures were prepared with clinker contents of 40, 50, and 60%. The mechanical performance of the LC³ blends was assessed through compressive and flexural strength tests, ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), porosity measurements, and workability evaluations. The results show that replacing up to 50% of cement with a limestone–calcined clay blend in mortar mixes achieves compressive and flexural strengths comparable to, or slightly exceeding, those of ordinary cement. At 28 days, mortars with 50% substitution reached the same compressive strength as CEM I (37 MPa) while exhibiting a 19.6% increase in flexural strength. Furthermore, higher replacement levels (up to 50%) improved pore structure refinement, leading to a denser microstructure. Mortars with 50% substitution demonstrated about a 9.65% reduction in porosity compared to CEM I.

Comparison Between Green And Chemical Synthesis Of Copper Nanoparticles: Characterization And Antibacterial Activity

Dalal M. Ibrahim — 2025-12-24

Nanoparticles are often associated with their small size and numerous applications. The synthesis process is equally important since it determines the size and properties of the nanoparticles. Additionally, green synthesis provides an economical, ecologically beneficial, and sustainable substitute. Researchers have focused on copper nanoparticles (NPs) due to their unique characteristics, which include optical, antibacterial, and electrical capabilities that depend on size and form. Two techniques are becoming more well-known in this field for producing silver nanoparticles. The green method and chemical reduction were used to create copper nanoparticles, and the two samples’ optical, antimicrobial, and structural properties were examined. An extract derived from lemon fruit was incorporated into the environmentally friendly procedure. Furthermore, trisodium citrate was used as a reducing agent in the chemical procedure, and several techniques were used to characterize the nanoparticles. These techniques include X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and antibacterial activity. The XRD analysis revealed that the particles were crystalline in form and that the green-produce variation’s crystal sizes (4.6 nm) were greater than those of the chemical reduction variant (2 nm). The shape of the chemically produced nanoparticles is unclear, whereas the green approach coats the generated nanoparticles with the biological materials in lemon extract. The antibacterial evaluation was completed using the agar well diffusion method. The particles’ SEM images showed that they were aggregating into polyhedral and leaf-shaped particles. In the aqueous solution containing copper nanoparticles, the chemically generated absorption peak was located at 300 nm in the UV-visible spectrum, whereas the green synthesized absorption peak was located at 260 nm. This included Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Staphylococcus aureus as the bacteria in the medium. The green had a larger zone of bacterial growth inhibition. synthesized variant in different concentrations of 20 mg, 40 mg, and 60 mg, which were 22 mm, 25 mm, and 28 mm in Escherichia coli and 14 mm, 24 mm, and 26 mm in Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. Conclusions: The improved antibacterial responses of the green-produced versions were caused by the accelerated rate at which the organic chemicals in the lemon fruit extract stabilized the nanoparticles.

Zero‑Shot Slice Policy Transfer for Cloud‑RAN Resource Allocation under Fronthaul and SLA Constraints.

Ismail M. Alkafrawi — 2025-12-24

ABSTRACT

Cloud RAN requires fast, SLA aware resource allocation across heterogeneous slices (eMBB, URLLC, mMTC). Training a dedicated controller for every slice is impractical; policies must generalize to unseen slice semantics spanning latency, reliability, rate, burstiness, and mobility. A coupled radio–compute–fronthaul allocation problem is formulated, and Zero Shot Slice Policy Transfer (ZSPT) is introduced as a semantics to policy mapping that operates without per slice training by distilling a high quality convex surrogate into a lightweight scheduler. In this paper zero shot performance was evaluated against Proportional Fair (PF) and the convex surrogate, reporting throughput, Jain’s fairness, UE rate percentiles, and SLA violation probability with bootstrap 95% confidence intervals. In a representative scenario, ZSPT matched PF on unseen slices, while the convex surrogate increased fairness and substantially raises 5th percentile UE rates.

Developing and Evaluating an Explainable Deep Learning–Based User Interface for Libyan Currency Authentication.

Mohammed Masoud Mohammed — 2025-12-24

The problem of counterfeit currency production and distribution is increasing, driven by technological advancements, particularly the development of advanced printing machines. The ongoing issue of counterfeit currency poses a significant threat to the national economy, necessitating the creation of an effective detection system. In light of this problem, this study proposes an intelligent system for identifying and detecting counterfeit Libyan currency. This system relies on deep learning techniques. Our proposed model is based on the EfficientNet-B4 controlled architecture, which seeks to optimize computing power and accuracy. In this study, the dataset was prepared and preprocessed using Gaussian filtering to reduce noise and normalize. The general framework developed here consists of two stages: The first stage is an intelligent filter that attempts to exclude any banknotes or images that are not Libyan currency, ensuring that only data related to Libyan banknotes is transmitted to the second stage of the model. The second stage is the core of the study, as it will determine whether Libyan currency is authentic or counterfeit. To improve the transparency of the model and enhance the understanding of its results, Grad-CAM software was used to generate heat maps that clearly show the banknote regions that contributed most to the model’s decision-making. To demonstrate the system’s usability, a mock-up user interface was designed to illustrate the system’s analysis and provide a practical environment. The results demonstrated good classification performance, consistently exceeding 90%, demonstrating how the proposed approach can be effectively applied to these models in practical situations. The findings of this research provide a practical framework to help financial institutions mitigate counterfeiting as part of the relevant compliance objectives that will determine the security of the monetary system.

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First Karyotype Report of Arum cyrenaicum Hruby (Araceae) from AL-Jabal AL-Akhdar, Libya.

Jamila A. Bashasha — 2025-12-24

In this paper, somatic chromosome number and karyotype of the endemic species Arum cyrenaicum Hruby (Araceae), collected from the Tolmitha site in the Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar region of Libya, are reported for the first time. Our results revealed that all the studied populations were polyploid ( 2n=4x=56) with a karyotype formula (KF) of 6M+38m+10sm+2st(2SAT). Furthermore, the chromosome size of A. cyrenaicum was medium to small-sized, with lengths ranging from the largest 4.72±.21μm to the smallest 2.88±.04μm. According to Stebbins’ karyotype asymmetry classification, it was 1A type (symmetrical one). Satellites were observed on two chromosome pairs. The karyotypes of these species’ findings contribute to the scientific understanding of this plant from a genetic perspective study. In addition to taxonomic characters, the analyzed karyotype features will contribute to the characterization of A. cyrenaicum varieties and to establish a base for future research.

Antibacterial Efficacy of Origanum majorana and Salvia officinalis Extracts Against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus

Ahmed Y. Tayeb — 2025-12-24

This study evaluated the antibacterial activity of aqueous, ethanol, and essential oil extracts of Origanum majorana and Salvia officinalis against two human pathogens Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus and determined their minimum inhibitory concentrations MICs. The findings indicated that the essential oil extracts were more effective in inhibiting bacterial growth compared to the aqueous and ethanolic extracts. O. majorana essential oil produced the largest inhibition zones: 2.38 cm against Escherichia coli and 2.98 cm against Staphylococcus aureus. Salvia officinalis essential oil showed moderate activity, with inhibition zones of 1.45 cm against E. coli and 1.40 cm against S. aureus. The ethanolic extracts produced limited inhibition (for example, S. officinalis ethanolic extract: 0.57 cm against E. coli; S. officinalis ethanolic extract: 2.17 cm against S. aureus; O. majorana ethanolic extract: 0.45 cm against S. aureus. The aqueous extracts generally exhibited weak activity, except for the O. majorana aqueous extract against E. coli inhibition 2.20 cm and S. officinalis aqueous extract against S. aureus inhibition 1.15 cm. Compared with standard antibiotics tetracycline , chloramphenicol some essential-oil treatments especially marjoram showed comparable activity. The results showed that the essential oils exhibited the strongest antibacterial effect. Among them, O. majorana oil was the most active. Based on these observations, the essential oils of O. majorana and S. officinal might serve as promising natural antibacterial agents and could potentially be applied in combination with standard antibiotics.