Scientific Journal of University of Benghazi

The Impact of English Cartoons on Children’s English Language Development: A Case Study

Nisreen Salah Elfeitouri — Sun, 29 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Cartoons can teach children a vast amount of information and valuable life lessons in an entertaining and engaging manner. Cartoons can also help children acquire various skills, like collaboration, negotiating, critical thinking, and problem-solving. In addition, cartoon-viewing has been increasingly linked with children’s language development and improvement. Accordingly, this study examined the impact of watching English cartoons on children’s English language acquisition in the Libyan setting. Case study research was conducted, which involved three years of direct observation of a two-year-old Libyan girl. The data analysis and results revealed that a purposeful and consistent approach to watching English cartoons can lead to remarkable English language learning outcomes. Specifically, the child in this study demonstrated notable English language development across various areas, including vocabulary, grammar, sentence structure, pronunciation, comprehension, production, and emotional expression. The findings of this study shed light on the benefits of following a systematic approach to using English language media-based content as an innovative and motivating method for English language teaching and learning in the Libyan home environment and Libyan English language learning classroom.

Quantification of Radiological Hazards Associated with Natural Radionuclides in Rock Samples from Al-Meshal Region, Libya

Asma M. Al-Abrdi, Jemila M. Ali, Mabrouka A. Abd-Ahamid — Sun, 29 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The specific activity concentrations of primordial radionuclides in eight samples of rock collected from specific locations in Al-Meshal, Al-Gabal Al-Akhdar region, Libya, were measured using a1gamma-ray spectrometer system with a sodium iodide detector. The results revealed that the specific activity concentrations of 226Ra, 238U, and 232Th in the analyzed samples were higher than their respective established permissible levels. Conversely, the specific activity concentrations of 40K in all rock samples were found to be below the permissible limit. The assessment of the radiological1hazard parameters, including radium equivalent activity, internal and external hazard1indices, and representative level index, indicated values were mostly within recommended world limits. However, for two specific samples, RE1 and RW2, the representative level index and internal hazard index values were higher than the recommended world value. Although the radiological investigation indicates no immediate acute health hazard to the area’s population, there is a need to consider the long-term health effects related to low-level exposure to radiation.

Effect of Helium Neon Laser Irradiation on Magnesium Levels in Blood "An Experimental Study"

Bassma Auhida Ali Abdulsamad, Fatima Abdel Salam Al sagheer — Sun, 29 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study investigates the effect of Helium-Neon laser radiation on magnesium levels in blood, a vital element involved in numerous physiological and biochemical processes in the body. The Helium-Neon laser used in this study had a power output of 5 mW and a wavelength of 632.8 nm, known for its stability and low thermal effect. The spot size was approximately 0.03 cm², ensuring uniform exposure of the samples. The energy density delivered to the samples was calculated at 1.0 J/cm², providing an adequate level of irradiation without significant thermal damage. Twenty healthy, non-smoking volunteers aged between 19 and 65 participated in the study. Blood samples were collected in Red Top Tube (RTT) tubes and immediately centrifuged to separate the serum. Centrifugation was performed at 3000 RPM for 3-5 minutes at 25 °C. The separated serum was then divided into four equal portions. The first, the control, had its magnesium level measured using a biochemical analyzer (BS-230), and the mean was 1.84 mg/dL, within the normal range. The remaining three aliquots were exposed to the Helium-Neon laser for 1, 3, and 5 minutes, respectively. Results showed a 60% increase in magnesium in the immediate response, 25% with a decrease, and 15% with no noticeable change. Females showed a greater average magnesium increase (30%) with a more sustained response and greater consistency over time compared to males. Males exhibited more pronounced oscillations, a tendency for initial reductions, and faster returns to baseline. At the 1-minute mark, no significant difference was found between males and females (p > 0.05). However, at 3 and 5 minutes, the difference became statistically significant (p < 0.05), with females showing a higher increase in magnesium levels than males. The precise mechanism underlying these in vitro effects on serum remains unclear. However, it is hypothesized that Helium-Neon laser irradiation might induce subtle conformational changes in serum proteins (e.g., albumin), potentially altering their magnesium-binding affinity and thereby influencing measured levels within the serum milieu. These findings suggest complex, non-thermal interactions between Helium-Neon laser light and serum components in vitro, warranting further research to elucidate the specific biomolecular interactions

A Comparative Study of Perturb & Observe and ANN-Based MPPT Algorithms Under Various Environmental Conditions

Sun, 29 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This Photovoltaic energy is a promising renewable energy source because it provides a cleaner alternative to fossil fuels. However, the output power of a PV system is affected by factors like solar irradiance and temperature that can change and influence its performance. Therefore, techniques for maximum power point tracking must be developed so the photovoltaic system produces the maximum power. These techniques guarantee that the PV system has the highest power point at all times regardless of weather conditions. The two types of controllers that are presented in this paper are based on the traditional Perturbation and Observation method and the use of artificial neural networks. From simplicity, low cost, and suitability for medium to large photovoltaic systems, the Perturbation and Observation method is chosen. On the other hand, artificial neural networks is well suited to manage complex systems and may assist in improving maximum power point tracking. In addition, the performance of these two methods is compared to a fuzzy logic-based MPPT approach that was developed and published in a previous study. The controllers were evaluated under various environmental conditions using MATLAB/Simulink. The results demonstrated that the artificial neural networks-based controller outperformed both the Perturbation and Observation and fuzzy logic controller methods in terms of efficiency and overall performance. Additionally, the artificial neural networks approach significantly minimized power fluctuations. However, the fuzzy logic controller method showed a faster response in reaching the maximum power point compared to both the artificial neural networks and Perturbation and Observation techniques.

Evaluting the Performance of the Yolov7 Algorithm :A Comparative Study of iPhone and Samsung Smartphones Under Varying Lighting Conditions

Zahow M. Khamees, Yousuf Mahdi Ajlayyil, Islam Suleiman Al-farjani — Sun, 29 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study evaluates the performance of the YOLOv7 algorithm for real-time object detection, emphasizing the impact of smartphone hardware capabilities (iPhone vs. Samsung) and environmental lighting conditions (day vs. night). Through extensive testing on diverse datasets, including urban scenes from Ajdabiya city, YOLOv7 demonstrated robust accuracy for high-contrast, well-represented objects such as cars (up to 0.96 accuracy) and appliances (e.g., microwave: 0.91). However, significant variability was observed in detecting occluded or small-scale objects (e.g., people: 0.33–0.88; plant pot: 0.28) and underrepresented classes (e.g., fire extinguishers: undetected). Hardware-specific disparities emerged: iPhones outperformed Samsung devices in low-light scenarios (person detection: 0.88 vs. 0.85), while Samsung exhibited superior dynamic range for trucks (0.90 vs. 0.89). Environmental factors, such as glare and overexposure, further exacerbated detection inconsistencies, particularly for traffic lights (nighttime range: 0.34–0.52). The study identifies critical gaps in YOLOv7’s generalizability, including sensitivity to dataset bias and environmental conditions, and underscores the need for hardware-aware preprocessing and dataset diversification. Future research should prioritize adaptive thresholding techniques and context-specific calibration to enhance reliability in real-world applications such as urban surveillance and autonomous systems.

A New CFD Approach to Predict Condensation Heat Transfer Coefficient of Steam Over a Horizontal Tube Using Apparent Heat Capacity Method

Suliman Alfarawi, Hossin Omar, Aynoor Elburki — Sun, 29 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The present research paper aims to numerically solve fluid flow and heat

transfer equation of a condensing steam over a single horizontal tube using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The apparent heat capacity method is adopted in the current analysis which allows for the computation of a single-phase flow equation with an implicit capturing of the phase change interface between the vapor and liquid phases. A single energy equation is solved with effective material properties for the two phases based on the phase change temperature and the latent heat for the state change. The predicted heat transfer coefficient at different saturation temperatures [60, 80, 100 and 120 ºC] were initially compared to the results obtained from the well-known Nusselt analogy for laminar film condensation. It was found that the predicted heat transfer coefficient of 10429 W/m2. K at 60 ºC was 2% lower than that of Nusselt film analogy. While the predicted heat transfer coefficient of 11854 W/m2. K at 120 ºC was 18% than that of Nusselt film analogy. Also, the results revealed that the heat transfer coefficient is merely dependent on the cross-flow velocity of the vapor and hence the vapor shear.

Cretaceous-Paleocene Biostratigraphy of Jardas Al Abid Area, Al Jabal Al Akhdar, NE Libya

Motasem I. Obaida, Esam O. Abdulsamad, Ahmed M. Muftah, Ali K. Khalifa — Sun, 29 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

ABSTRACT

This study focuses on the biostratigraphy of the Cretaceous (Albian–Maastrichtian) and Paleocene (Danian) sequences exposed in both surface and subsurface sections of the Jardas al’Abid area, Al Jabal Al Akhdar, northeastern Libya. The investigation is based on systematically collected samples from four outcrop sections and one subsurface borehole (Water well). A total of thirty foraminiferal and five molluscan species were identified. Based on the vertical distribution of planktic foraminifera, nine biozones have been established in descending order: Parvularugoglobigerina Eugubine (Danian), Dicarinella concavata (Coniacian), Whiteinella brittonensis (Early Turonian), Hedbergella spp.–Pithonella spp. (Late Cenomanian), Rotalipora cushmani (Late Cenomanian), Thalmanninella brotzeni (Early Cenomanian), Biticinella breggiensis, Pseudothalmanninella ticinensis (Late Albian), and Ticinella primula (Middle Albian). Additionally, three molluscan biozones have been identified: Mecaster batnensis, Costagyra olisiponensis (both Late Cenomanian), and Inoceramus (Endocostea) balticus (Campanian), along with one ammonite biozone, Kitchinites emscheris (Early Santonian). This work represents the most detailed foraminiferal biostratigraphic framework for the region to date, with several of the proposed biozones being reported from Al Jabal Al Akhdar for the first time. The established biozones show a strong correlation with those of neighboring countries as well as with Mediterranean coastal regions of Europe, reinforcing the regional biostratigraphic continuity across the southern Tethyan margin. A new discovery of existing Paleocene (Danian) strata has been confirmed at the Jardas al’Abid area.

Heavy metals in water associated with oil and soil were treated using chemical and electrophoretic precipitation methods.

Hamdy AB. Matter, Mohamed emgharbi — Sun, 29 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Chemicals such as potassium hydroxide (KOH), potassium ferrocyanide (K₄[Fe(CN)₆]), and oxalic acid (H₂C₂O₄) have been used as agents capable of rapidly and efficiently forming precipitates with heavy metal ions under natural environmental conditions. The active components in these chemicals act as chelating agents, enabling them to form stable precipitates or complexes with heavy metals present in water associated with oil and in the surrounding soil.

This study compares the efficiency and characteristics of chemical precipitation products with those formed via cathodic deposition during electrochemical treatment. The ability of both methods to precipitate various heavy metals (HMs)—including Cr, Fe, Ni, Mg, Cu, Zn, Ag, Cd, Mn, and Pb—was investigated. Each method demonstrated varying effectiveness in removing specific metals, and it was measured deposition efficiency, standard deviation S and a coefficient of variation (CV).

Chemical and electrical methods have treated oil-related water and soil contaminated with common heavy metals, which could be removed and treated chemically and electrically. The results revealed very high concentrations of these harmful heavy metals, which have contaminated oil-related water, the soil, the groundwater beneath it, and the plants it irrigates. This poses risks to human and animal health and may even cause diseases and cancer.

The Impact of Age on Breast Cancer Incidence Among Libyan Women: A Meta-Analysis.

Naeima Ashleik, Suaad Ben-Farag, Intesar N. El-Saeiti — Sun, 29 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This meta-analysis, which draws on eight original studies, looks at the average age of Libyan women diagnosed with breast cancer. A full review of the original articles published in English between October 2016 and August 2024. A systematic review of five main databases was conducted to identify studies including Embase, Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar and Web of Science. Only studies with unambiguous age data were included, as determined by the Population, Exposure, Comparator, Outcome, and Study Design (PECOS) criteria. The effect sizes were pooled using a random-effects model, and heterogeneity was measured with Cochran’s Q and I² statistics. The pooled mean age across studies was 47.81 years (95% CI: 46.87–48.74), indicating high variability (I² = 98.1%). Influence diagnostics identified one outlier study that contributed to the high heterogeneity. These findings highlight age distribution patterns in breast cancer cases in Libya, suggesting avenues for targeted early intervention strategies. Overall, these findings emphasize the demand for age-specific screening programs in Libya.

Impact of CT Stroke Window Settings on Acute Stroke Detection.

Hajer Alfadeel — Sun, 29 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Non-contrast CT is the most important imaging modality in the evaluation of suspected acute stroke by excluding intracranial haemorrhage and directly visualizing early ischemic changes. These changes are challenging to detect on non-contrast CT due to the small reduction in the attenuation value of ischemic tissue from normal. The study’s objective was to assess the use of stroke window settings for improving the detection of acute stroke. This retrospective study included forty-nine patients in whom non-contrast CT were performed for suspected acute stroke within 24 hours from symptom onset. Images were reviewed in two reading sessions with different window settings used: default brain window (80/40 [window width/window level]) and stroke window (40/40 [window width/window level]). Both windows were evaluated for their ability to detect early ischemic changes with the final diagnosis as the reference standard. Twenty-nine patients had a final diagnosis of acute stroke. The sensitivity and specificity of non-contrast CT for acute stroke detection were 79.3% and 100% respectively at the default brain window. Both windows were comparable for detecting acute stroke (P=0.2). The CT sensitivity increased to 86.2% after adding the stroke window review to the default brain window. The resultant improvement in CT diagnostic performance by stroke window review was not statistically significant (P=0.5). Conclusion, the superior sensitivity of applying stroke window settings after the default window review is small with modern generation CT scanner. These findings should increase the confidence in routine radiology reporting that uses the standard brain window in the assessment of acute stroke.

Median Versus Paramedian Spinal Anesthesia: PDPH Incidence in Urological Procedures.

Aosama Alarfi, Adel Saleh, Wisam Zayd, Abdelhaq Elmansori — Sun, 29 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Spinal anaesthesia is a popular method for anaesthesia in the lower body, offering advantages over general anaesthesia. The paramedian and median methods are most commonly used. Spinal anaesthesia has many benefits, but postdural puncture headache (PDPH) is the most common risk. This study aimed to find out how often PDPH happens in Libyan patients having spinal anaesthesia for urological surgeries, comparing the median and paramedian methods because there are not many records available. This prospective study occurred at the Specialty Surgical Centre in Benghazi, Libya, from September 18, 2019, to February 18, 2020. Patients undergoing urological surgery under spinal anaesthesia were divided into two groups based on the method used: median (Group M) and paramedian (Group P). Researchers collected age, BMI, and gender data to better understand PDPH prevalence and compare the two companies. All the data were coded and analysed using SPSS 27. The study included 60 patients, including 53 adult males and 7 females, ranging in age from 11 to 70 years, with a median age of 55.5 ± 18.2 years. Normal PDPH prevalence was 8.3%, with 13.3% in Group M and 3.3% in Group P. Statistical analysis showed no significant difference in PDPH prevalence between the two companies (p=0.4). Patients’ age, gender, and BMI did not differ significantly between the two groups, according to logistic regression analysis. While a larger number of patients in the median institution had PDPH, the difference was not statistically significant. These findings support previous research on needle insertion techniques and PDPH, but the authors suggest conducting larger studies with more populations to confirm and improve those findings.

Evaluation of Dental Advice Delivery: A Comparative Study of General Practitioners and Specialists in Benghazi.

Sun, 29 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Oral health education is a crucial aspect of dental care, as proper guidance from dentists can significantly influence patients’ oral hygiene habits. This study investigated whether dentists in Benghazi provide dental advice to patients and examined differences between general practitioners (GPs) and specialists in delivering such advice. This cross-sectional study included 246 dentists from public clinics and the Faculty of Dentistry at the University of Benghazi. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire covering sociodemographic details, oral health practices, and advice given to patients. Analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS version 24, employing descriptive statistics and chi-square tests to compare GPs and specialists. Results showed that both GPs and specialists consistently provided oral hygiene and smoking-related advice, with no significant difference (p > 0.05). GPs (68.2%) were slightly more likely to offer preventive advice than specialists (62.9%), while specialists (85.4%) provided dietary advice more frequently than GPs (75.2%), though these differences were not significant (p > 0.05). However, a significant difference was observed in professional treatment advice, with 98.9% of specialists providing it compared to 92.4% of GPs (p = 0.028). These findings highlight the need for standardized preventive care strategies to enhance patient education and oral health outcomes. However, the inconsistent advice provided by dentists may be due to insufficient training in preventive care and the treatment-oriented nature of Libya’s dental health system.

Effect of socio-demographic Factors and Dietary Behavior on psychological well-being, and mental distress among Adolescents in Benghazi

Sun, 29 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Despite the growing awareness of the importance of nutrition for overall health, the relationship between dietary habits and mental well-being in adolescents remains understudied. This gap in knowledge poses a significant concern, as adolescence is a critical period for developing healthy eating patterns and reducing the risk of mental health issues. This study is aimed to investigate the associations between adolescents’ dietary behaviors, psychological well-being, and levels of mental distress in Benghazi, Libya. A cross-sectional descriptive design was employed, involving 391 students (189 (48.6%) boys, 202 (51.4%) girls) from 7 randomly selected secondary schools. Data collection utilized structured questionnaires assessing dietary patterns, psychological well-being, and mental distress indicators. The study revealed a significant association between dietary habits and adolescent mental health outcomes. Regular breakfast consumption, correlated positively with perceived health and sleep satisfaction (P-value 0.000). However, no significant associations were found between happiness and fruit, soft drinks, or fast-food consumption. Higher physical activity levels were consistently linked with better mental well-being (P-value 0.000), while gender differences were evident in stress and depression prevalence. Balanced eating—especially frequent breakfast—and regular physical activity are strongly linked to better psychological well-being and lower mental distress in Libyan adolescents. Nutrition interventions promoting these behaviors may help mitigate the risk of stress and depression during this critical developmental stage.