Islamic Resistance in Andalusia after the fall of Granada: The Second rebellion of the Alpujarras (976AH \ 1568AD) as a model

Abstract

    The research talks about a tragic period experienced by the Arabs of Andalusia, after the fall of Granada and handed over by King Abu Abdullah Mohammed II (1460 - 1527 BC) in (897 AH, 25/11/1491 BC) and seen on the ground in 02-01-1492 BC) to King Fernando V - the most well known king of Spain and known as the Catholic King- and Queen Isabella the rulers of Castile and Lyon. Andalusian and the Muslim Arabs entered a dark period and perhaps that king was the most responsible for turning the paradise of Andalusia into the hell of Spain. Due to this, the Muslim Arabs turned to be Moorish and were stripped of all their lands, and their properties were confiscated. Christianization after that was imposed on those people which was difficult for them to go with the first immigrants to Morocco the enemy.

The Moorish and their expulsion after the fall of Granada and the deterioration of their political, social and economic conditions lasted for centuries because the obliteration of a nation that wanted to live and adhered to its religion was one of the difficulties faced by the Christian Spain.

The Spanish Islamic nation- called the Moors- which played an important role in Spain before it was finally expelled, endured the horrors of ecclesiastical fanaticism, clerics and inquisition courts, all of  those were on the lookout for suspicion for being clinging to the Islamic practices. Even though they had been Christianized by force, they continued being Muslims by heart to embody what Almighty said, "except for one who is forced [to renounce his religion] while his heart is secure in faith". The Inquisition had stripped them of their Arabic names, Arabic language, clothes, customs, and the worst of them was to fight their Islamic faith by burning the Korans, Arabic books and precious manuscripts, and made them spies on their homes and relatives. The religious and national cohesion of the Arabs of Al-Andalus, Fushi Jr., was torn; where the sons and daughters gave their parents away and so did the wives to sell them out to Inquisition so easily. Such things made them to rise up against the situation. The revolutions were ignited one by another including the revolution of the Bayazine in Granada in 1499, which moved to inspire the rebellion of the Alpujarras (1568/1570 AD) in retaliation for the violations of the Church and the Inquisition, and to lift injustice or martyrdom instead of slow death. The Muslims wrote bright pages in jihad and heroisms, and hit the finest examples in perseverance and jihad. Spain stripped all its cities and armies and appealed to Europe for eliminating a persecuted group in the mountains, a group that insisted with pain holding on to its religion whatever this would cost them. These brutal armies were killing and displacing them under tragic circumstances and some of them could not reach their new home because of hunger, cold and torture. In fact, the cruelty of Spain manifested in that period clearly where it was stripped of humanity and moral values.

When writing about that period, it is difficult to find Arabic resources and perhaps our lack of interest in resources and documents is the reason behind this, where the Castilian resources were relied upon.