The full length of gene (x14K) that differentially expressed with retinoic acid (RA) treated Xenopus laevis embryos
الكلمات المفتاحية:
Retinoic acid، Xenopus embryos، x14K-geneالملخص
ايجاد الطول الكامل لجين x14k المتأثر بحمض ال Retinoid المعالج لأجنة الضفادع .)Xenopus laevis الأفريقية
استكمالا للورقة العلمية والخاصة بإعداد مجسات متأثرة ب retinoids لمسح المكتبات الجينية.
تجارب العلماء تؤكد تدخل حمض ال retinoid وهو من مشتقات فيتامين A في نمو الجهاز العصبي المركزي و التمايز الخلوي المبكر في الفقاريات.
من حزم حمض النووي المختارة من طريقة العرض التمايزي لجل ال polyacrylamide والمتوقع انها متأثرة عند المعالجة بالretinoid لأجنة الضفدعة الأفريقية تم عزل حزمة سمية بال M وهذه القطعة من ال cDNAs رجحت أنها تحت سيطرة التحكم الزيادي لوجود حمض 279bp حجم القطعة هو retinoid
الحمض النووي لهذه الحزمة استخلص من المرحله 14 لأجنة الضفدعة الأفريقية المعالجة بال retinoid قطع cDNAs للحزمة علمت عشوائياً اشعاعياً ( randomly labelled ) بوجود ) probe ) حيث استعملت كمجس hexanucleotides 32) ومزيج من مختلف-pdGTP لمسح مكتبة
cDNA library ) cDNA المجهزه من كلية الضفدعة الأفريقية في نواقل ZAPII vectors
مكتبة ال cDNA فرشت في اطباق مناسبة والبقع ) plaques ) المختارة من الفيروسات الناقلة استرجعت لخيوط مزدوجة (double strands ) في نواقل ( ) Bluescript phagemid SK
التنزيلات
المراجع
Aida Halilagic, Maiia H. Zile, and Michele Studer (2003). A novel role for retinoids in patterning the avian forebrain during presomite stages. Development 130, 2039-2050.
Amanda Janesick, Jason Shiotsugu, Mao Taketani, and Bruce Blumberg ( 2012). RIPPLY3 is a retinoic acid-inducible repressor required for setting the borders of the pre-placodal ectoderm. Development 139, 1213-1224.
Brennan H. C., Niijar S. and Jones E. A. (1999). The specification and growth factor inducibility of the pronephric glomus in Xenopus laevis. Development 126, 5847-5856.
Coleman, T. R., Tang, Z., and Dunphy, W. G. (1993). Negative regulation of the weel protein kinase by direct action of the niml/cdr1 mitotic inducer. Cell 72, 919-929.
Birnboim, H. C. and Dolly, J. (1979). A rapid alkaline extraction procedure for screening recombinant plasmid DNA. Nucleic Acid Res. 7, 1513-1523.
Draetta, G. Luca, F., Westendorf, J., Brizuela, L., Ruderman, J., Beach, D. (1989). Cdc2 protein kinase is complexed with both cyclin A and B:evidence for proteolytic inactivation of MPF. Cell 56, 829-838.
Durston, A. J., Timmermans, J. P. M., Hage, W. J., Hendriks, N. J. de Vries, Heideveld, M. and Nieuwkoop, P. D. (1989). Retinoic acid causes an anteroposterior transformation in the developing central nervous system. Nature 340, 140-144.
Feinberg, A. P. and Vogelstein, R. (1984). A technique for radiolabelling DNA restriction endonuclease fragments to high specific activity. Anal. Biochem. 137, 717-722.
Hanks, S.K. (1987). Homology probing: identification of cDNA clones encoding members of the protein serine kinase family. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84, 388-392
Hellmich, M. R., Pant, H. C., Wada, E. and Battey, J. F. (1992). Neuronal cdc2-like kinase: Acdc2-related protein kinase with predominantly neuronal expression. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89, 10867-10871.
Hocevar, B. A., Burns, D. J. and Fields, A. P. (1993). Identification of protein kinase C (PKC) Phosphorylation sites on Human Lamin B. J. Biol. Chem. 268, 7545-7552.
Hunt, T., Luca, F. C. and Ruderman, J. V. (1992). The requirements for protein synthesis and degradation, and control of destruction of cyclins A and B in the meiotic and mitotic cell cycles of the clam embryo. J. Cell Biol. 116, 707-724.
Isabel Olivera-Martinez and Kate G. Storey (2007). Wnt signals provide a timing mechanism for the FGF-retinoid differentiation switch during vertebrate body axis extension. Development 134, 2125-2135.
Izumi, T. and Maller, J. L. (1993). Elimination of cdc2 phosphorylation sites in the cdc25 phosphatase blocks initiation of M-phase. Mol. Biol. Cell 4, 1337-1350.
Johana M. Lampert, Jocchen Holzschuh, Susanne Hessel, Wolfgang Driever, Klaus Vogt and Johannes von Lintig (2003). Provitamin A conversion to retinal via the B, B-carotene-15,15'-oxygenase (bcox) is essential for pattern formation and differentiation during zebrafish embryogenesis. Development 130, 2173-2186.
Jonk, L. J. C., de Jonge, M. E. J., Kruyt, F. A. E., Mummery, C. L., van der Saag, P. T., and Kruijer, W. (1992). Aggregation and cell cycle dependent retinoic acid receptor mRNA expression in P19 embryonal carcinoma cells. Mech. Dev. 36, 165-172.
King, R. W. Jackson, P. K., Kirschner, M. W. (1994). Mitosis in Cransition. Cell. 79, 563-571.
Krieg, P. A. and Melton, D. A. (1984). Functional messenger RNAs are produced by SP6 in vitro transcription of cloned cDNAs. Nucleic Acids Res. 12, 7057-7070.
LaRosa, G. J. and Gudas, L. J. (1988b). Early retinoic acid-induced F9 teratocarcinoma stem cell gene ERA-1: Alternate splicing creates transcripts for a homeobox-containing protein and one lacking the homeobox. Mol. Cell. Biol. 8, 3906-3917.
Lee, S. W., Tomasetto, C. and Sager, R. (1991). Positive Selection of candidate tumor-suppressor genes by subtractive hybridization. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88, 2825-2829.
Liang, P., and Pardee, A. B. (1992). Differential Display of Eukaryotic Messenger RNA by Means of the Polymerase Chain Reaction. Science 257, 967-971.
Lupas, A., Van Dyke, M. and Stock, J. (1991). Predicting Coiled coils from Protein sequences. Science 252, 1162-1164.
Maden, M. (1985). Retinoids and the control of pattern in limb development and regeneration. TIG 1, 103-107
Maniatis, T., Fritsch, E. F., and Sambrook, J. (1982). Molecular cloning: A Laboratory Manual. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, N. Y.
Mason, C., Lake, M., Nebreda, A. and Old, R. (1996). A novel MAP kinase phosphatase is localised in the branchial arch region and tail tip of Xenopus embryos and is inducible by retinoic acid. Mech. Dev. 55, 133-144.
Meyerson, M., Enders, G. H., Wu, C. L., SU, L. K., Gorka, C., Nelson, C., Harlow, E. and Tsai, L. H. (1992). A family of cdc2-related protein kinases. EMBO J. 11, 2909-2917
Minshull, J., Golsteyn, R., Hill, C. S., Hunt, T. (1990). The A- and B-type cyclin associated cdc2 kinases in Xenopus turn on and off at different times in the cell cycle. EMBO J. 9, 2865-2875.
Paris, J., LeGuellec, R., Couturier, A., LeGellec, K., Omilli, F., Camonis, J., MacNeill, S. and Philippe, M. (1991). Cloning by differential screening of a Xenopus cDNA coding for a protein highly homologous to cdc2. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88, 1039-1043.
Paris, J. and Philippe, M. (1990). Poly (A) metabolism and polysomal recruitment of maternal mRNAs during early Xenopus development. Dev. Biol. 140, 221-224.
Patschinsky, T., Hunter, T., ESch, F. S., Cooper, J. A. and Sefton, B. M. (1982). Analysis of the sequence of amino acids surrounding sites of tyrosine phosphorylation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 79, 973-977.
Ronald R. Waclaw, Bei Wang, and Kenneth Campbell (2004). The homeobox gene Gsh2 is required for retinoid production in the embryonic mouse telencephalon. Development131, 4013-4020.
Ruiz i Altaba, A. and Jessell, T. (1991a). Retinoic acid modifies mesodermal patterning in early Xenopus embryos. Genes & Dev. 5, 175-187.
Schuuring, E., van Deemter, L., Roelink, H., and Nusse, R. (1989). Transient expression of the proto-oncogene int-1 during differentiation of P19 embryonal carcinoma cells. Mol. Cell. Biol. 9, 1357-1361.
Sive, H. L., Draper, B. W., Harland, R. M. and Weintraub, H. (1990). Identification of a retinoic acid-sensitive period during primary axis formation in Xenopus laevis. Genes Dev. 4, 932-942.
Stukenberg, P. T., Lustig, K. D., McGarry, T. J., King, R. W., Kuang, J. and Kirschner, M. W. (1997). Systematic identification of mitotic phosphoproteins. Current Biology 7, 338-348.
Summerbell, D. and Harvey, F. (1983). Vitamin A and the control of pattern in developing limbs. Prog. Clin. Biol. Res. 110A, 109-118
Tickle, C., Alberts, B.M., Wolpert, L. and Lee, J. (1982). Local application of retinoic acid to the limb bud mimics the action of the polarising region. Nature 296, 564-565
Wei, L. N., Blaner, W. S., Goodman, D. S. and Nguyen-Huu, M. C. (1989). Regulation of the cellular retinoid binding proteins and their messenger ribonucleic acids during P19 embryonal carcinoma cell differentiation induced by retinoic acid. Mol. Endocrinol. 3, 454-463.
Wendling O., Dennefeld C., Chambon P. and Mark M. (2000). Retinoid signaling is essential for patterning the endoderm of the third and fourth pharyngeal arches. Development 127, 1553-1562.
Wright, C. V. E., Cho, K. W. Y., Hardwicke, J., Collins, R. H. and DeRobertis, E. M. (1989). Interference with function of a homeobox gene in Xenopus embryos produces malformations of the anterior spinal cord. Cell 59, 81-93.
التنزيلات
منشور
إصدار
القسم
الرخصة
هذا العمل مرخص بموجب Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
