نظريّة علم الأم ا رض وأساليب التشخيص عند الأطباء المسلمين

Abstract

The recent references on Islamic medicine and orientalist books, in particular, indicate that the Muslim doctors were a transition of Greek medical sciences and did not add anything to it especially in the philosophy of pathology and diagnostic methods. This study sheds light on the efforts of Muslim doctors and what they added to respond to those words that decrease Of the role of Islamic civilization and its scientists in the development of science and its leading role in the advancement of human civilization.
While Muslim doctors took a lot of Greek medicine (especially his theory and philosophy), this was not possible if it were not compatible with the Islamic vision. The general theory of Greek medicine has been built on four pillars (fire, air, earth, water), which are elements of the human body. These elements have four characteristics (heat, cold, Drought, humidity), and that the health of the body is the balance of these blends, and non-weight leads to disease. This theory was violated by Muslim doctors in this regard.
This difference is due to their Islamic heritage, which confirms that man was created from dust and water in which he made life, so they agreed in something that is: that of the objects of soil and water. Each temperament has its own temperature, along with natural heat, which exists in everything; but neither mixing nor mixing is the cause of life; it is only the tool that makes life possible. Muslim doctors believed in the spirit that landed on this mix of mixtures To transmit life.
As Muslim doctors tried to recognize the benefits of organs to diagnose diseases, they divided the functions of organs (physiological) into three types: natural, animal and spiritual functions, and Muslim doctors have a special method in the study of diseases to diagnose them, including:
First: Good listening to the story of the disease and the analysis of the complaint of the patient (complaint history and presenting) Arab doctors in the diagnosis of various diseases adopted the good hearing of the complaint of patients, investigate their conditions and visit their homes when necessary, and the story of their disease and analysis of symptoms and signs, and the absence of modern diagnostic methods such as X-ray and endoscopy The laboratories mention, for example: esophageal ulcers, stomach and intestines.
Second: examinations (meditation and observation) clinical examination.
Third: The diagnosis of observation and observation (Inspection): The basis of this axis to note the symptoms and changes in the patient to look at and control when doing natural vital actions, including: a. Note color, b. Note breathing, c. Note newborn newborn, d. Note rash in the skin.

IV: the use of hand in the examination: palpation (pulse) - percussion (percussion): examination of women: tests of sense and movement.
Fifth: Examination of secretions: a. Monitoring vomiting, b. Control feces and worms, c. Monitoring menstruation and blood in women, d. Urine control
Sixth: Environment and its impact on health.