Improved Spectrophotometric Estimation of Sulphadiazine as Pure Form and in Its Pharmaceutical Preparations Via Condensation Reaction.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37376/ljst.v14i2.7202Keywords:
Spectrophotometry, Sulphadiazine, dimethylaminobenzaldehyde, Condensation reactionAbstract
This research includes the development of a sensitive, swift and low-cost spectrophotometric procedure for estimating sulfadiazine in the form of pure substance and in its pharmaceutical dosage forms via condensation reaction. The method was involved the reaction of sulphadiazine with 4-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde in an acidic medium of HCl to produce a yellow soluble product has maximum absorption intensity at the wavelength 452 nm. The calibration graph was linear and compatible to Beer's low over the range of concentration 0.5 to 15ppm with a determination coefficient (r2= 0.9995) and molar absorptivity 2.90´104 l/mol.cm. The detection limit (DL), quantification limits (QL) and the sensitivity of Sandell were calculated and found to be 0.0543, 0.1810 µg/ml and 0.00860 μg/cm2, respectively. A relative error percentage and the relative standard deviation were calculated and found to be in the range -3.8% to 0.36% and ±0.33 to ±1.26%, respectively. The method has been successfully applied to assay sulfadiazine in burn cream and veterinary drugs (injection and powder).
Downloads
References
Abd, A.A., Khaleel, A.I., Hamed, F.M. (2019) ‘Spectrophotometric Determination of sulphadiazine by oxidative coupling reaction with ortho-amino phenol as reagent’, Tikrit Journal of Pure Science, 24(4), pp. 40-46.
Afsharipour, R., Haji Shabani, A.M., Dadfarnia, S.H., Kazemi, E. (2019) ‘Selective fluorometric determination of sulfadiazine based on the growth of silver nanoparticles on graphene quantum dots’, Mikrochim Acta, 187(1), pp. 54-62.
Ahmed, N.A., Khaleel, A.I. (2018) ‘Spectrop-hotometric determination of sulphadiazine using 2,4–dinitrophenylhydrazine as coupling reagent, Tikrit Journal of Pure Science’, 23(8), pp. 77-82.
Al-Attas, A.S. (2003) ‘Charge transfer complex formation in spectrophotometric and conductometric determination of some sulphonamides’, Saudi. Pharm. J., 11(3), pp. 141-145.
Almeida, S.A.A., Heitor, A.M., Montenegro, M.C.B, Sales, M.G.F. (2011) ‘Sulfadiazine-selective determination in aquaculture environment: selective potentiometric transduction by neutral or charged ionophores’, Talanta, 85(3), pp. 1508-1516.
Al-Rufaie, M.M. (2016) ‘New spectrophotometric method for the assay of sulfadiazine drug based on diazotization coupling reaction’, Acta. Chemica. Iasi., 24(2), pp. 88-101.
Azeez, Dh. T., Mohammed, S.A. (2022) ‘Development of spectrophotometric method to assay sulfadiazine in pure and in pharmaceutical dosage form through diazotization and coupling reaction’, Raf. J. Sci., 31(1), pp. 23-34.
Christian, G.D. (2004) Analytical Chemistry, John Wiley and Sons, 6th ed., Philadelphia, pp. 90-97.
Dadfarnia, Sh., Hajishabani, A.M., Rad, H.F. (2011) ‘Indirect determination of sulfadiazine by cloud point extraction/flow injection-flame atomic absorption (CPE/FI-FAAS) spectrometry’, J. Chin. Chem. Soc., 58(4), pp. 503-508.
Delevic, R. (1997) Principles of Quantitative Chemical Analysis, Mc, Graw-Hill, International ed., Singapore, pp. 495-502.
Fan, J., Chen, Y., Feng, S., Ye, C., Wang, J. (2003) ‘Flow- injection spectrophotometric determination of sulphadiazine and sulphamethoxazole in pharmaceutical and urine’, Analytical sciences, 19, pp. 419- 422.
Forti, A.F., Scortichini, G. (2009) ‘Determination of ten sulfonamides in egg by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry’, Anal. Chim. Acta., 637(1-2), pp. 214-229.
Hargis, L.G. (1988) Analytical Chemistry, Principles and Techniques, Prentice-Hall International, London, pp. 424-427.
He, J., Li, Z., Xu, L., Kong, F., Xu, Z. (2020) ‘Development of nanozyme-labeled biomimetic immunoassay for determination of sulfadiazine residue in foods’, J. Advances in Polymer Technol., Article ID 7647580, pp. 1-8.
International Conference on Harmonization (2005) ICH Harmonized Tripartite Guide-line: Validation of Analytical Procedures Text and Methodology, Q2 (R1), Current Step 4 Version, pp. 11-13.
Mahdi, M.I., Kadim, K.H. (2015) ‘Spectrophto-metric determination of Sulfadiazine in Various Sample by coupling with 2,5-dimethoxy aniline’, Iraqi National Journal of Chemistry, 15(1), pp. 27-40.
Mohammed, S.A., Zebary, H.Y. (2013) ‘Spectrophotometric determination of sulfadiazine via diazotization and coupling reaction-application to pharmaceutical preparations’, Raf. J. Sci., 6(24), pp. 61-73.
Nagaraja, P., Naik, S.D., Shrestha, A.K., Shivakumar, H. (2011) ‘Sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of sulfonamides in pharmaceutical preparations’, Acta Pharm. 57, pp. 333–342.
Nagaraja, P., Shrestha, A.K., Shivakumar, A., Gowda, A.K. (2010) ‘Use of p-N,N-diethylphenylenediamine sulfate for the spectrophotometric determination of some phenolic and amine drugs’, Acta Pharmaceutica. Zagreb. Croatia., 60(2), pp. 217-227.
Naser, A.N., Kasim, M.A., Zainab, A.K. (2018). New approach for determination of sulfadiazine in pharmaceutical preparations using 4(4-sulphophenyl azo) pyrogallol: Kinetic spectrophotometric method, Spectrochimica. Acta. Part A Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy., 201, 267 – 280.
Othman, N.S., Kadder, R.M. (2006) Histidine as a new coupling agent for the spectrophotometric assay of sulphadiazine–application to pharmaceutical preparations’, Raf. J. Sci., 4(17), pp. 25-35.
Siddiqui, M.R., Al-Othman, Z.A., Rafiquee, M.Z.A., AlLohedan, H.A., Ali, M.S., Ali Khan, M. (2013) ‘Permanganate oxidation of sulfadiazine: Analytical method development and kinetic study’, Analytical Chem. Letters, 3(1), pp. 7-17.
United States Pharmacopeia on CD–ROM, (1995) The National Formulary, 1456 p.
Vandana, K., Dash, A.K., Kothapalli, U., Kishore, T.S., Harika, L., Pradhan, K.K. (2011) ‘Method development and validation of sulphadiazine in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form by UV-Spectrophotometric method’, J. Pharm. and Biol., 2(4), pp. 1167-1171.
Xiao-Ling, W., Qi-Oi, S., Dong-Mei, L., Di, G. (2010) ‘Indirect determination of sulfadiazine by ICP-AES of CU precipitation’, Chinese J. Pharm. Anal., 30(12), pp. 2356-2359.
Zhang, B., Chen, Z., Yu, Y., Yang, J., Pan, J. (2013) ‘Determination of sulfonamides in pharmaceuticals and rabbit plasma by microchip electrophoresis with LED-IF detection’, Chromatographia, 76, pp. 821–829.
Zonaras, V., Alexis, M., Koupparis, M. (2016) ‘Development and validation of an LC–MS method for the simultaneous determination of sulfadiazine, trimethoprim, and N4-acetyl-sulfadiazine in muscle plus skin of cultured fish’, Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies, 39(7), pp. 364-373.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Libyan Journal of Science &Technology
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
