Plagiarism and Misconduct

All submitted manuscripts are subject to plagiarism screening before peer review.

If ethical misconduct is suspected, the journal will investigate according to internationally accepted procedures. Misconduct may include:

• Plagiarism.
• Data fabrication or falsification.
• Duplicate publication.
• Improper authorship attribution.

If misconduct is confirmed, the journal may take actions including:

• Manuscript rejection.
• Retraction of published articles.
• Notification of the authors' institutions.